When suddenly immersed in cold water the human body gets shocked, setting off a number of uncontrollable reactions that frequently lead to drowning.
First, the body instinctively gasps for air increasing the chance of immediate drowning if too much water is swallowed and enters the lungs.
Second, blood pressure and heart rate increase substantially which can trigger panic, hyperventilation and cardiac arrest - all making survival increasingly more difficult.
After the reaction to immediate cold shock, the body works instinctively to preserve its core temperature. At this stage the loss of blood flow to the arms and legs causes muscular failure and the inability to swim.”
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